Baldur's Gate 3 is massive, with a huge story spanning three separate massive acts, dozens of side quests, and multiple separate pieces to the main quest. You'll be exploring for a long time before you even come upon the ability to progress onto the second act of the game, but how exactly do you get to Act 2 of Baldur's Gate 3?
You won't get to Act 2 of Baldur's Gate 3 until you hit the Underdark, which could take up to twenty hours at a safe estimate, and could take even longer if you want to do absolutely everything in Act 1, but you'll know once you're there. There are specifically two different paths that you can take in order to get to Act 2, one of which is a Mountain Pass and the other of which is the Underdark itself, but during our playthrough, we went through the Underdark.
There's a lot to do in the Underdark, but once you reach a certain area filled with Duegar and you're tasked with killing a lead Duegar, all you need to do is complete that quest before you can move on. The game will warn you that this is a point of no return and that things will change the second you get through there but don't fret. You can still complete quests from Act 1 if you want, and you're still able to travel back to areas that you've already found in Act 1.
The Mountain Pass Route
If you got through the Mountain Pass then you just need to make your way through the Mountain Pass until you reach an exit. It doesn't take too long, though if you have Lae'Zel in your party you'll want to complete her quest first or she'll get extremely annoyed with you and you'll be missing some core story details, in addition to an extremely interesting plot thread that simply won't be properly set up for you.
Due to this, we recommend you actually go through both routes. They shouldn't take too long in total, and once you've done them you'll be able to move onto Act 2 without any real worries.